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Snubnose darter
The snubnose darter (''Etheostoma simoterum'') is a species of darter endemic to the southeastern United States.
The snubnose darter has two recognized subspecies, including the Cumberland snubnose darter. ''E. s. atripinne'', and the Tennessee snubnose darter, ''E. s. simoterum''.〔Heins, David C. 2001. Variation in Clutch Size and Ovum Size of the Snubnose Darter, ''Etheostoma simoterum'' (Cope), from Two Populations in Tennessee. The American Midland Naturalist 145: 74-79.〕 Intergradation between the two subspecies occurs in the lower Tennessee River unit.〔 The mean length of snubnose darters is , the reported average clutch size is 152, and the maximum age is less than two years.〔Paine, M.D. 1990. Life history tactics of darters (Percidae: Etheostomatiini) and their relationship with body size, reproductive behaviour, latitude and rarity. Journal of Fish Biology 37: 473-488.〕 The snubnose darter inhabits riffles and rock-bottomed pools in streams with low turbidity.〔 As of 2000, the snubnose darter was listed as currently stable, meaning it is widespread and not in need of any immediate conservation action.〔Warren, Melvin L. et al. 2000. Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Native Freshwater Fishes of the Southern United States. Fisheries 25: 7-31.〕
==Distribution==
The snubnose darter is native to the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages of Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama.〔Fuller, Pam, and Matt Neilson. 2011. ''Etheostoma simoterum''. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=817 RevisionDate: 8/5/2011.〕 Warren et al. described the distribution of the freshwater fish native to the Southern United States by drainage basin.〔 The historical range of the Tennessee snubnose darter (''E. s. simoterum'') includes the Upper and Lower Tennessee River drainage units,〔 and it has been introduced into both the Licking Big Sandy Creek River and the Kanawha-New-Guyandotte-Little Kanawha River.〔 The historical range of the Cumberland snubnose darter (''E. s. atripinne'') includes the Lower Tennessee River and Cumberland River drainages.〔 Intergradation between the two subspecies occurs in the Lower Tennessee River unit.〔
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